Multiplier printing mechanism



Jan. 9, 1962 J, Fo s 3,016,188

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan.v9, 1962 LYDFQRS 3,016,188

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG-2Jan. 9, 1962 Y J. LYDFORS 3, 8

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG.3

Jan. 9, 1962 Y .J.- LYDFORS 3, 8

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jan.9, 1962 J. LYDFORS 3,016,188

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan.9, 1962 J. LYDFORS 3,016,188

MULTIPLIER PRINTING MECHANISM Filed May 27, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 UnitedStates Patent nice 3,016,188 Patented Jan. 9, 1962 This is acontinuation in part of the application Serial No. 605,316, filed the21st day of August, 1956, now abandoned. a.

The present invention relates to an improved multiplier digit tyrpeselecting mechanism in a multiplier digit printing mechanism ofcalculating machines adapted for multiplication of the multiplicand byconsecutive digits of the multiplier in accordance with the principle ofshort cut multiplication.

In calculating machines adapted for multiplication of the multiplicandby consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordance with the principleof short cut multiplication according to which the multiplier digits toare divided into two groups, viz. a lower group comprising the lowestdigits, and a higher group comprising the highest digits, it is known tocontrol the multiplication by means of a control member which isdisplaced from a starting position at the beginning of themultiplication operation with one multiplier digit a number of stepscorresponding to the value of a digit from the lowerdigit groupand tothe value of the formula -n for a digit from the higher digit group,said digit being represented by n in the formula. In such a calculatingmachine it is also known to provide a multiplier digit printingmechanismwhich is controlled by a multiplier digit type selectingmechanism and prints the multiplier digits consecutively by means of amultiplier digit type carrier.

For several reasons it is desirable that the multiplier digit typecarrier be set by means of the control member controlling theconsecutive multiplication operations of the machine but this invloves asevere problem as at least some of the control positions of the controlmember have a dual meaning, i.e. the control member is displaced thesame distance from the starting position for a digit from the lowergroup and a digit from the higher group.

Accordingly, one object of the invention is to solve said problem byproviding a multiplier digit type select ing mechanism by means of whichthe multiplier digit type carrier is set by the control member forprinting of the appropriate multiplier digit despite the duality of atleast some of the control positions of the control member.

In order to arrive at the result of a multiplication with as fewoperating cycles of the machine as possible it is also known in machinesor" the above-mentioned type to provide a control member which isdisplaced from a starting position in one direction at the beginning ofa multiplication operation with one multiplier digit a number of stepswhich corresponds (a) to the'value of a digit from the lower group andto the value of the formula 9-n for a digit from the higher group, saiddigit being represented by n in the formula, when the last precedingmultiplication operation was by a multiplier digit belonging to the samegroup, and (b) to the value of a digit from the lower group plus onestep andto the ,value of the formula 9-n plus one step for a digit fromthe higher group, said digit being represented by n in the formula, whenthe last preceding multiplication operation was by a multiplier digitbelonging to the other'group. This involves a further severe problemwhen it is desired to set the multiplier digit type carrier by means ofthe control member as at least some of the control positions of thecontrol member may represent four different multiplier digits.

Accordingly, it is a second and important object of the invention toprovide a multiplier digit type selecting mechanism in a calculatingmachine of the type mentioned by means of which selecting mechanism themultiplier digit type carrier is set by the control member for printingof the appropriate multiplier digit despite the fact that at least someof the control positions of the control member are common to fourmultiplier digits.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be clear from thefollowing description of two embodiments of the invention shown by wayof example on the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a the invention in the starting left side ofthe machine,

FIGS..2 and 3 correspond to FIG. in different positions of adjustment,

FIG. 4 schematically shows a partial side view of a multiplier keyboardand related parts for enter-ing multiplier digltsone at a time into acalculating machine provided with the mechanism according to FIGS. 1 to3, FIG. 4 being shown from the right side of the machine,

FIG. 5 schematically shows the keyboard and its control of a printingmechanism as seen from theright side of the machine, and

FIG. 6 shows a modification ing to FIG. 1.

The preferred embodiment of the multiplier digit type selectingmechanism according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1-5 and isembodied in a calculating machine of the well-known type having a tenkey keyboard for entering a multiplicand into a setting pin carriage, aprinting mechanism for printing the multiplicand on a paper sheetextending around a platen 339, .a totalizer, and a multiplier mechanismhaving a ten key keyboard by means of which the multiplier digits areentered digit after digit. Such a calculating machine is. for instanceshown and described in detail in US. Patent No. 2,397,745', issued April2, 1946, in the name of Karl Berthold Wilhelm Kiel. Therefore, referenceis made to mechanism according to position as viewed from the 1 but showthe parts of the mechanism accord- I this patent concerning the detailsof the machine and its mode of operation. In the present specificationand FIGS. 1 to 5 only some details of the known machine are shown anddescribed in order to elucidate how the multiplier digit type selectingmechanism according to the invention may be incorporated in the machineaccording to said patent. In order to make the relationship easier tounderstand the known details shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 have been given thesame reference numerals asin said patent 7 Although the above-mentioneddivision of the multiplier digits 0 to. 9 into a lower group and ahigher group may be made man arbitrary. manner, itis assumed in thefollowing for the sake of simplicity that said division in the mechanismshown in'FIGS. '1 to 5 is made according to said patent so that thelower digit group comprises the multiplier digits to 4 and the highergroup comprises the multiplier digits 5 to 9'. Consequently, the machineaccording to said patent has a multiplier keyboard (see FIGS. 4 and 5which has ten keys 97 for the multiplicator digits 0-9 arranged in tworows, one of which contains in due order the keys for the digits 0 4, asis shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, while the other row in due order contains thekeys for digits 5-9, said latter keys being hidden from view in FIGS. 4and 5 behind the keys shown therein in such a way that the key for digit9 is behind the key for digit 0, the key for digit 8 behind the key fordigit 1 and the key for digit 5 behind the key for digit 4. As describedin said patent, upon depression of some of the multiplier keys 97 adifferential bar 107 will be moved to the left, as seen in FIG. 4,through asuitable number of steps by the action of a pull string 1 17.Attached to the differential bar 107 is a rack 119' engaging with a gear120 which is secured to a shaft 11. Also secured to the shaft 11 is amultiplication control member in the form of a toothed wheel 121. Whenthe differential bar 107 is moved to the left, as seen in FIG. 4,through a given number of steps, the control member 121 willconsequently also be rotated through a corresponding number of toothpitches from its initial position. As described in said patent, thedepression of a multiplier key 97 also results in the starting of thedrive motor 473 of the machine which drives the machine through asuitable number of machine cycles, during each one of which themultiplicand entered into the machine is entered once in the totalizerof the machine and the control member 121 is fed back through one toothpitch in the direction toward its starting position. When the controlmember again reaches the starting position the motor is cut outuntil thenext multiplier key is depressed or the totalizer key of the machine isdepressed for printing the result of the multiplication, which has beenstored in the totalizer of the machine. How these operations areeffected in detail is apparent from said patent.

It is further assumed that according to said patent the multipliermechanism operates according to the principle of short cutmultiplication by complementary numbers in the following preferredmanner. At the depression of a multiplier digit key 97 belonging to thelower group 0 to 4 the control member 121 is turned counter-clockwisefrom the starting position shown in FIG. 4 through a number of toothpitches which corresponds to the digit value of the depressed key, i.e.zero tooth pitches for the digit 0 and four tooth pitches for the digit4. At the depression of one of the multiplier keys of the lower group amultiplying operation is started by the machine, during which operation,after the control member has first been turned the requisite number oftooth pitches and the multiplier digit has been typedin the mannerdescribed in the following, the control member for each operating cycleof the machine is fed back one tooth counter-clockwise to-. wards thestarting position under additive entry of :1

multiplicand, set in the setting pin carriage or multiplicand mechanism,once into the totalizer and finally, after the control member hasreturned to the starting position, the setting pin carriage is advancedone denominational order step towards a higher decade or denominationalorder position with respect to the totalizer, At depression of one ofthe multiplier keys of the higher digit group 5-9 the control member 121is turned counter-clockwise (in FIG. 4) from the starting position showna number of tooth pitches which constitutes nine tooth pitches reducedby the digit value of the depressed multiplier key, i.e. zero toothpitches for the key for the digit 9 and four tooth pitches for the keyfor the digit 5. In other words, the control member 121 is turnedthrough the same angle from the starting position at depression of thekeys for the digits O' and 9; 1 and 8; 2 and 7; 3 and 6; and 4 and 5.

At the depression of one of the multiplier keys of the higher group amultiplying operation is started by the machine, during which operation,after the control member 121 has been turned a requisite number of toothpitches and the multiplier digit has been typed, the control member foreach operating cycle of the machine is fed back towards the startingposition one tooth pitch under subtractive entry of the multiplicand,set in the multiplicand mechanism, once into the totalizer and finally,after the control member has returned to the starting position, themultiplicand mechanism is fed stepwise one decade step towards thehigher decade position with respect to the totalizer. At the depressionof the multiplier keys 97 for the digits 0 and 9 a stepwise feeding onlyof the multiplicand mechanism takes place, as will appear from what ismentioned above, without any entry of the multiplicand into thetotalizer. Finally, it is also assumed that according to said patent themultiplier mechanism of the machine, in order that the multiplicationmethod described above may give the correct result, is arranged in sucha Way that when a multiplier key of one group is depressed after theimmediately preceding multiplying operation has been carried out throughdepression of a key of the other group, i.e., on going over fromadditive to subtractive entry, or from subtractive to additive entry, ofthe multiplicand into the totalizer, which action is called reversal ofsigns hereinafter, it carries out one operating cycle more than whatcorresponds to the depressed key according to what is stated above. Asdisclosed in detail in said patent this extra operating cycle atreversal of signs is brought about by a mechanism including twocompensating bars (one shown at 227 in FIG. 4), which are slidable inthe tubular diiierential bar 107 between two positions, inone of whichthe control member 121 is advanced by the rack 119' one tooth pitch morethan in the other position of said compensating bars, when thedepression of a key 97 entails a reversal of signs, so that the controlmember 121 at its subsequent clockwise movement back to its startingposition during the multiplying operation of the machine consequentlyalso entails the desired extra operating cycle. Although this is of noimportance in connection with the present invention it may also bepointed out for the sake of completeness that in order to indicate thecorrect result of a multiplication in the totalizer, when the lastmultiplying operation has been carried out by means of a key of thehigher group, i.e., a key for any of the digits 6 to 9, the machine maybe constructed to bring about, in another manner than by means of thecontrol member 121, a single additive entry of the multiplicand into thetotalizer in the higher denominational order position to which themultiplicand mechanism has been fed in relation to the totalizer at theend of the multiplying operation which has been brought about throughthe multiplier key last depressed. Another possibility is indicated inthe above mentioned patent, viz. that the operator, always at thetermination of the calculation, depresses the zero multiplier key.

After the preceding discussion of the construction and mode of operationof the calculating machine according to the US. Patent 2,397,745 I willnow describe how my multiplier digit type selecting mechanism may bebuilt into the machine according to said patent, so that the correctmultiplier digits are printed under control of the control member 121,when said member is set in the manner described above by means of themultiplier keys 97.

A wheel-shaped type carrier 14 carries around its periphery ten raisedportions 15 for the digits 0 to 9 arranged with equal pitch. As shown inFIGS. 13, the digit types are disposed in a row around the type wheel 14in such a manner that, beginning at the type for the digit 0 inclockwise sequence around the type wheel, there follow first the typesfor the digits 1 to 4 of the lower multiplier digit group in a risingdigit value sequence and then the types for the digits 5 to 9 of thehigher multiplier digit group in a declining digit valuesequence, i.e.the digit sequence is 0-1-2-3-49-8-7-65. The type wheel 14 is rotativelymounted on a shaft 16 which is supported by a bell crank lever 17swingably mounted at the left side of the machine on the shaft 11 whichat the right side of the machine is fixedly connected with the controlmember 121 (FIG. 4). The type wheel 14 is fixedly connected with a gearwheel 18 which is also rotatively mounted on the shaft 16 and engageswith a gear segment 19 which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 11. Thelever 17 is swingable counter-clockwise by means of a printing mechanismto be described from the shown starting position for pressing a selectedtype on the wheel 14 against the platen 339' of the machine inorder toleave an imprint of the type in question on a paper (not shown) disposedaround the platen 339, by means of an ink ribbon (not shown). During theswinging of the lever 17 the gear wheel 18 of the type wheel 14 rollsagainst the stationary gear segment 19' and, in so doing, turnscounter-clockwise approximately 90, so that when the parts are in thestarting position shown in FIG. 1 the type for the digit Owillconsequently be pressed against the platen at the swinging of the lever17. In order that other types may print in response to the respectivedepressed multiplier key, the type wheel 14 is rotatable to otherangular positions before the swinging of the lever 17 by resetting ofthe gear segment 19 from the starting position shown in FIG. 1 by meansof the control member 121 and the coupling mechanism described in thefollowing. The control member 121 is fixed on the right hand end of theshaft 11 (FIG. 4) which extends through the machine to the left handside where a plate 12 is fixed on the shaft so that the plate 12 isrotatedthrough the same angle as the control member 121'during themultiplication operations.

The coupling mechanism has two plate-shaped coupling members 21 and 22which are rotatively mounted on the shaft 11. The coupling member 21 isfixedly connected with the gear segment 19 in the rotational sense bymeans of a pin and slot connection 23, 24. A pull spring 25, oneof whoseends is fixed in a hole 26 in the coupling member 21 while its other endis anchored on a pin 27 on the'coupling member 22, tends to swing thecoupling member 21 clockwise relatively to the coupling member 22. Suchswinging is limited either through the engagement of a pawl 28 mountedon the coupling member 22 with a pin 29 on the coupling member 21 or,when the pawl is brought out of engagement in the manner indicated inthe following, by the abutting of the edge of the coupling member 21against a pin 30 on the coupling member 22. The pawl 28 is mounted onthe coupling member 22 by means of a pin 31, and a pull spring 32, whichis extended between a pin 33 on the pawl and the pin 27 on the couplingmember 22, tends to swing the pawl counter-clockwise. The pawl 28besides carries a pin 34 which can be operated, in order to swing thepawl out of engagement with the pin 29 on the coupling member 21, bymeans of a reversing member in the form of an arm 36 fixedly mounted ona shaft 35 rotatably mounted in the machine frame' The shaft 35 andconsequently the arm as are adjustable to two different rotationalpositions, on one hand the positive position shown in FIG. 1, in whichthe arm 36 is out of engagement with the pin 34 of the pawl 28 while thepawl engages with the pin 29 of the coupling'member 21, and on the otherhand a negative position shown-in FIGS. 2 and 3, in which the arm 36 isswung counter-clockwise from the position shown in FIG. 1 and restsagainst the pin 34 of the pawl 28 and has swung the pawl against theaction of the spring 32' out of engagement with the pin 29 of thecoupling member 21. between their two described'positions of adjustmentevery time the above-mentioned"reversal of signs takes place during themultiplicationwork. The turning of the shaft 35 which is necessary forthis purpose is controlled by means of the lever 416 shown in FIG. 4. Asdescribed in the above mentioned patent the lever 416 is located Theshaft 35 and the arm 36 are swung 6 in the positive position shown inFIG. 4, when one of the multiplier keys 97 for the digits 0-4 isdepressed, and is maintained in this position as long as only keys 97for the digits O4 are depressed in succession. When one of the keys 97for the digits 59 is depressed the lever 416 is swung clockwise from theposition in FIG. 4 to a negative position and is held in the negativeposition as long as only keys for the digits 5-9 are depressed insuccession. As apparent from FIG. 4, the lever 416 is connected by alink 700 with a crank arm 7G1 which is fixed on the shaft 35. Thus, thelever 36 fixed to shaft 35 occupies the positive position shown in FIGS.1 and 4, when one of the keys 97 for the digits 0-4 is depressed, andoccupies the negative position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when one of thekeys 97 for the digits 5-9 is depressed.

An interconnecting means is arranged between the coupling member 22 onone hand and the plate 12 and the control member 121 on the other hand.Thus, the coupling member 22 carries an abutment in the form of a pin 37by means of which the coupling member is connected to the plate 12 insuch a way that the plate 12 during its clockwise movement (by means ofcontrol member 121 and shaft 11) away from the starting position shownin FIG. 1 may bring with it the pin 37 and consequently the couplingmember 22, on one hand by means of a latch 38 mounted on the controlmember and on the other hand, when the latch 38 is moved out ofengagement with the pin 37 to inoperative position (FIG. 3) in themanner described in the following, by means of a dog hook 39 which ismade integral with the plate 12. The latch 33 is mounted on the plate 12by means of a pin 46, and a pull spring 43 stretched be tween a pin 51on the latch and a pin 42 on the plate 12 tends to keep the latch 38swung clockwise to the position shown in FlGS. 1 and 2 in engagementwith the pin 37 on the coupling member 22. The latch'38 also has a pin44 which can be operated, in order to swing the latch out of engagementwith the pin 37, by means of a compensation member in the form of an arm46 swingably mounted on a shaft 45 on the machine frame at the swingingof said arm 46 counterclockwise from the position shown in FIG. 1 in themanner described in the following. Apull spring 48 stretched between thepin 42 on the plate 12 and a pin 47 on the coupling member 22 tends tobring about such a relative swinging of the coupling member 22 and theplate 12 that the pin 37 abuts against the dog hook 39 (FIG. 3) when thelatch 38 is moved away from the pin 47 by means of the compensation arm46. Swinging of the compensation arm counter-clockwise about the shaft45 for actuation of the latch 38 takes place every time theabove-mentioned reversal of signs isetfected, i.e. every time thereversing arm 36 is swung between its two positions of adjustment. Forthat purpose the compensation arm 46 has a laterally directed leg 58which has a nose 49 and.

rests against a pin St? on the reversing arm 36 under the action of apull spring 52 stretched between the shaft 35 and a pin 51 on thecompensation arm. In the two positions of adjustment of the reversingarm 36 the pin 50 rests against the leg 58 on one and the other side,respectively, of the nose 4% (FIG. 1 and FiGS. 2 and 3, respectively),and it is evident that the pin 50* at each swinging of the arm 36 fromone of its positions of adjustment to the other will slide over the nose49 and thus swing the compensation arm 46 temporarily counterclockwisein order to swing the latch 38 out of engagement with the pin 37 on thecoupling member 22.

In the starting position shown in FIG. 1 the coupling members 21 and 22each rest with a nose 53, 54 against a stop abutment pin 55, 56respectively, on the frame of the machine, the pawl 28 engages with thepin 29 on the coupling member 21, the latch 38 engages with the pin 37on the coupling member 22, the plate 12 occupies its starting position,the reversing arm 36 occupies the positive control position whichimplies that the multiplying operation last efiected took place withadditive entry of the multiplicand into the totalizer and which isalways occupied by the reversing arm after a finished multiplyingcalculation, and the type wheel 14 is in position for printing with thetype for the digit on the platen. If a multiplying calculation is now tobe effected, in which the digit of the multiplier in the lowestdenominational order position is one of the digits 0 to 4, the machineoperator, after entering the multiplicand into the multiplicandmechanism, depresses the multiplier key 97 corresponding to the saiddigit of the multiplier. If that multiplier key is the key for the digit0, only one stepwise feeding of the multiplicand mechanism to theimmediately higher decade position in relation to the totalizer willtake place (as described in the above mentioned patent), and thearrangement shown in the drawings is not influenced thereby except forthe printing mechanism described in the following, which prints thedigit 0. However, if it 'is the key for the digit 1, 2, 3 or 4-, theplate 12 is swung clockwise one, two, three or four tooth pitches fromthe starting position (by mean of control member 121 and shaft 11), thelatch 38 of the plate 12 bringing with it the pin 37 on the couplingmember 22 in that movement, so that the coupling member 22 is swungthrough a corresponding angle and thus brings with it the couplingmember 21 through an equally large angle by the engagement of the pawl28 of the coupling member 22 with the pin 29 of the coupling member 21,whereby the coupling member 21 swings the gear segment 19 through thesame angle via the pin and slot connec tion 23, 24, the gear segmentturning the type wheel 14 counterclockwise respectively one, two, threeand four type pitches. Consequently, the type Wheel 14 becomes adjustedin such a way that at the subsequent swinging of the lever 17 in amanner to be described it will print on the platen the digit 1, 2, 3 or4 corresponding to the depressed multiplier key. Thereafter the controlmember 121 during its stepwise feeding backwards to the startingposition causes the machine to enter the multiplicand additively intothe totalizer the requisite number of times, as described in saidpatent, whereupon the machine stops with the parts in the position shownin FIGURE 1. If the next digit in the multiplier again belongs to thelower group 0 to 4, the multiplication with this new digit takes placein the same manner as the one described above. However, if the nextdigit in the multiplier belongs to the higher group to 9, reversal ofsigns takes place. On depression of the multiplier key 97 in questionfor one of the digits 5 to 9 the reversing arm 36 according to what hasbeen said above will be swung counter-clockwise from its positiveposition of adjustment shown in FIG, 1 to its negative position ofadjustment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In that case the arm 36 actuates thepin 34 of the pawl 28, so that the pawl is swung clockwise out ofengagement with the pin 29 on the coupling member 21 and is held out ofsuch engagement as long as the arm 36 occupies its negative position,whereby the spring 25 has an opportunity to swing the coupling member 21clockwise relatively to the coupling member 22, until the couplingmember 21 abuts against the pin 30 on the coupling member 22', as shownin FIGS. 2 and 3. This relative rotation entails that the couplingmember 21 swings the gear segment 19 about the shaft 11 such a distanceclockwise that the gear segment will turn the type wheel 14counter-clockwise five type pitches, so that the type wheel, if theplate 12 is assumed to have remained in the starting position, wouldcause the type for the digit 9 to effect a printing operation at thesubsequentswinging of the lever 17. This condition is shown in FIG. 2.However, as reversal ofsigns takes place at the multiplying operationnow started, the control member 121 and the plate 12 will be swungclockwise in relation to FIGS. l-3 and counterclockwise as seen in FIG.

' 4 through an extra tooth pitch from the starting position 8 inaddition to what corresponds fundamentally to the depressed key, i.e.the plate 12 will be swung clockwise in relation to FIGS. l-3 one toothpitch for the key 9, two tooth pitches for the key 8, three toothpitches for the key 7, four tooth pitches for the key 6 and fiv toothpitches for the key 5. As the type wheel 14 has been turned through theinactivation of the pawl 28 to a position for printing the type for thedigit 9 already without swinging of the plate 12 in the manner describedabove, the type wheel, if no other measures were taken, wouldconsequently be turned one type pitch too much by the indicated swingingof the control member 121 and the plate 12 an extra tooth pitch inconnection with the reversal of signs. This error is compensated for bythe reversing arm 36 at its counter-clockwise readjustment from theposition shown in FIG. 1 sliding over the nose 49 on the compensationarm 46 and thus swinging said arm temporarily counter-clockwise, so thatthe compensa tion arm actuates the pin 44 of the latch 38 and swings thelatch counter-clockwise to an inoperative position, whereby the pin 37on the clutch member 22 is released and the spring 48 is able to turnthe coupling member 22 and consequently the coupling member 21 which, inaccordance with what has been mentioned above, rests against the pin 30of the coupling member 22, as well as the gear segment 19 in relation tothe plate 12 through an angle which corresponds to the rotation of thecontrol member 121- and the plate 12 through one tooth pitch, until thepin 37 of the coupling member 22 engages the dog hook 39 of the controlmember 12 as shown in FIG. 3. This compensation turning of the gearsegment 19 and the coupling members 21and 22 relatively to the controlmember 121 and the plate 12 takes place in a sense opposite to therotation of said parts by means of the plate 12 during the clockwiseswinging motion of said member from the starting position, and willconsequently compensate for the effect of the extra turning step, takingplace at reversal of signs, of. the plate 12 on the type wheel 14, sothat said wheel, as will be understood from the explanation given, willprint the correct type against the platen 339 despite the extra turningstep of the control member 121 and plate 12. Thus, in FIG. 3 the plate12 has been swung one step clockwise in response to actuation of themultiplier key for the digit 9 and this extra step of control membermovement has been compensated in the manner set forth by theinterconnecting means 37, 38 and 39, so that despite one step of settingmovement of the control member 121 the type wheel 14 is in position forprinting with the digit type 9.

To restore the coupling members 21 and 22 from the adjusted positionsaccording to FIG. 3 (and as far as the coupling member 21 is concernedalso from the position according to FIG. 2) so that the latches 28 and38 are again able to engage with the pins 29 and 37, respectively, ifthis is necessary for a subsequent multiplication, the followingmeasures have been taken. As is described in said patent, the machinehas a bar 320 which is driven by the machine motor and actuates themachine main shaft in the manner described in said patent. During eachoperating cycle of the machine the bar 320 first moves to the left asseen in FIGS. 1-3 to the position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and then backto the starting position shown in FIG. 1. Attached to the bar 320 is anupwardly directed cam bar 801 which has its upper end curved and whichis adapted to cooperate with a roller 802 mounted on an arm 57 of thecoupling member 21. When a multiplier key 97 is depressed and themachine starts its first operating cycle, the bar 320 and the cam bar801 move to the left,.as seen in FIGS. l-3, thus permitting the couplingmember 21 to adjust itself in the manner earlier described correspondingto the adjusted position of the plate 12 and the control of the latches28 and 33 before printing of the multiplier digit takes place in themanner described in the following, and after the printing the bar 320and the cam bar. 801 return to the position shown in FIG. 1, the cam bar801 restoring the coupling member 21 to the position shown in FIG, 1 inthat it actuates the roller 802 and biases the spring 25 withoutcarrying the coupling member 22 along, so that the nose 53 of thecoupling member 21 will be applied against the stop pin 55. Should themachine effect several operating cycles, the coupling member 21 willagain swing clockwise by the action of the spring 25 when the cam bar801is again moved to the left as seen in FIGS. 1-3. After the lastoperating cycle of a multiplication the coupling member 21 however stopswith its nose 53 in engagement with the stop pin 55 by the action of thecam bar 801 bearing against the roller 802 so that the latch 28 canengage with the pin 29 of the coupling member 21 at the beginning of thenext multiplication if this multiplication is initiated by means of anyof the keys 97 for the digits 4. The coupling member 22 accompanies thecontrol member 12 back toward the starting position shown in FIGS. 1 and2 during the stepwise feeding backwards of the control member during thecalculating operation under the action of the spring 48, until thecoupling member 22 has come into engagement with the nose 54 against thepin 56, whereupon the spring 48 is tensioned during the last smallportion of the return of the control member 12 to the starting position,when the control member is turned relatively to the coupling member 22stopped against the pin 56, so that the pin 37 leaves the dog hook 39 onthe control member and the latch 38 snaps into engagement with the pin37.

If the subsequent mutiplier digit again belongs to the higher group 5 to9, no reversal of signs is to take place,

i.e. the reversing arm 36 remains in its position keeping the pawl 23out of engagement, as seen in FIG. 2, and the compensation arm 46occupies its inoperative position shown in FIG. 2. When the cam bar 801returning the coupling member 21 in the manner described above throughengagement with the roll $02 on the arm 57 leaves said roll, thecoupling member 21, since the pawl 28 is kept out of engagement with thepin 29 by the reversing arm 36, will consequently swing into engage--ment with the pin 30 of the coupling member 22, under the action of thespring 25, sothat the gear segment in the manner described above turnsthe type wheel 14 into position for printing with the type 9 instead ofwith the type 0, when the plate 12 is not swung away from its startingposition. This condition is shown in FIG. 2.

If the depressed key is the key for the digit 9, no turning of the plate12 away from the starting position takes place but only stepwise feedingof the multiplicand mechanism in relation to the totalizer, andconsequently the type wheel at the swinging of the lever 17 will printthe digit 9' on the paper sheet of the platen 339. If the depressed keyis the key for the digit 8 or 7 or 6 or 5, the

plate 12 is swung clockwisefrom the starting position shown in FIG. 2one or two or three or four tooth pitches, which entailscounterclockwise turning of the type wheel 14 one or two or three orfour type pitches via the coupling mechanism 21, 22 in the mannerdescribed above, away from theposition for printing with the type forthe digit 9, so that the correct digit will consequently be printed onthe paper sheet of the platen in each case. Ifa multiplier digit of thelower group 0 to 4 then follows, reversal of signs shall take place. Atdepression of one of the keys for the digits 0 to 4, the reversing arm36 will be swung clockwise to the position shown in FIG. 1, the pawl 28being released and, under the action of its spring 32, swinging intoengagement with the pin 29 on the coupling member 21 before the arm 57of said coupling member is released by the cam bar 801 returning thecoupling member to the starting position, so that the pawl 28 willretain the coupling member 21 in the starting position according to FIG.1 relatively to the coupling member 22. At the clockwise swinging of thereversing arm 35 its pin 50 will slide over the nose 49 and swing thecompensation arm temporarily counter-clockwise, so that the compensationarm, in the manner described before, swings the latch 38 out ofengagement with the pin 37 on the coupling member 22 in order to bringthe pin 37 to engage with the dog book 39 of the plate 12 under relativerotation of the coupling member 22 in relation to the plate in themanner described before, in order to compensate for the extra toothpitch through which the control member 121 is fed from the startingposition in connection with the reversal of signs. Consequently, thetype wheel 14 will be set, in the manner described above for the digitgroup O to 4, to the correct printing position despite the extra turningstep of the control member 121 taking place in connection with thereversal of signs.

The pivoting of the bell crank lever 17 for pressing a set type on thetype wheel 14 against the platen 339 is eifected by the followingmechanism which is shown in FIG. 5. The arm of the bell crank lever 17,which is directed rearwardly in the machine, carries a roller 702 whichis applied against a cam 703. The cam is fixedly connected to the drivenpart 7 04 of a known onerevolution clutch. The part 704 is mounted forrotation on a shaft 705 which is mounted in the machine frame and towhich is secured the driving part 706 of the onerevolution clutch, whichis in the form of a gear. Said gear is in mesh with an intermediate gear707 which meshes with a gear 708 secured to the shaft 474 of the machinedrive motor 473. The driven part 704 of the one-revolution clutch isformed as a circular cam with a recess 709 in which engages a latch 710mounted in the machine frame. In the position of engagement shown inFIG. 5 the latch 710 also bears against a clutch dog 711 mounted on thedriven part 704 of the clutch, and holds the clutch dog out ofengagement with a clutch tooth 712, secured to the driving part 706 ofthe clutch, so that the said driving part can be rotated by the motorwithout carrying the driven part 704 of the clutch along.

A spring 713 expanded between the latch 710 and the machine frame tendsto hold the latch engaged in the recess 709 or with the circumference ofthe driven clutch part 704. Mounted on the latch 710 is a two-armedlever 714, and a torsion spring 715 tends to hold one arm of the lever714- .applied against a pin 716 on the latch 710. The other arm of thelever 714 projects from the latch 710, and obliquely above it there islocated a pin 717 on a push bar 718 which is longitudinally movablymounted on the machine frame by means of slots 710 in the push bar andpins 720 on the machine frame. A pull spring 721 expanded between thepush bar and one of the pins 720 tends tohold the push bar 718 in theraised position shown in FIG. 5. The push bar 718 beats with a roller722 against the undersideof two bars 724 (only one is visible in FIG. 5)which extend each beneath one row of the multiplier keys 97. The bars723 are so mounted on the machine frame by means of links 724 as to bemoved downwardly by the respective key stem 98 when one of the keys 97is depressed.

When some key 97 is depressed, the respective bar 723 will thereforemove the push bar 718 obliquely downwardly as seen in FIG. 5, the pin717 on the push bar actuating the lever 714 which bears against the pin716 and thereby swings the latch 710 mounted on said pin 716counter-clockwise out of the recess 70?. The latch 710hereby 'actuates anormally open switch 725 and closes it, whereby the motor 473 isenergized. At the same time the latch 710 releases the clutch dog 711 sothat it is swung by the-action of a spring 726 into engage ment with thecoupling tooth 712, whereby the onerevolution clutch is engaged so thatthe driven parts 703, 704 of the clutch begin to move clockwise. Themovement of the push bar 718 is so large that the pin 717 passes beneaththe lever 714. After that the spring 713 holds the latch 710 engagedwith the circular circumference of the clutch part 704 which therebyholds the latch in such a swung position that the switch 725 is held e11 closed. When the clutch part 764 and thus the cam 763 has beenrotated approximately half a revolution clockwise as seen in FIG. 5, theroller 702 falls down onto the low portion 727 of the cam 703 by theaction of a spring 728 expanded between the lever 17 and the machineframe, whereby the type wheel 14 presses a set type against the platen339. During the latter part of the revolution of the cam 703 the lever17 is restored to the starting position shown. When the driven clutchpart again reaches its starting position the latch 710 falls into therecess 769 and swings the clutch dog 711 out of engagement with theclutch tooth 712 so that the onerevolution clutch is disengaged.Simultaneously, the switch 725 is opened but the motor 473 is still heldenergized by means of a switch, described in said patent, which isoperated by the depressed key 97 and connected in parallel with theswitch 725, in the event that the depressed key 97 requires the machineto effect more than one operating cycle of the machine. During thesesubsequent operating cycles no printing takes place by means of the typewheel 14, as the one-revolution clutch 704, 706 remains disengaged.

When the actuated key 97 returns to raised position, the bars 723 andthe push bar 718 are raised by the spring 721 to the position shown inFIG. 5. When the bar 718 moves upwards, the pin 717 earns the lever 714aside clockwise as seen in FIG. against the action of the spring 715,and the lever 714 snaps back to the position shown in FIG. 5, when thepin 717 reaches the position shown in FIG. 5.

The mechanism shown in FIGS. 1-3 can also be modified for use inprior-art calculating machines operating with short cut multiplicationin the manner described in the second paragraph of this specification.Such modification is shown in FIG. 6 and substantially resides in thatthe plate 12 and the coupling member 22 according to FIGS. 1-3 have beencombined to a plate 12a while in the higher digit group, the correctdigit type 6-9 will be pressed against the platen 339 during thesubsequent printing cycle.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A multipler digit type selecting mechanism in a multiplier digitprinting mechanism of calculating machines adapted for multiplication ofthe multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordancewith the principle of short cut multiplication according to which themultiplier digits 0 to 9 are divided into two groups, viz. a lower-groupcomprising the lowest digits, and a higher group comprising the highestdigits, a multiplication control member displaceable from a startingposition,

the parts 37-52 and 58 occurring in FIGS. 1-3 have been left out.Although the division into a lower digit group and a higher digit groupcan be made optionally, in these prior-art machines the division isusually made into a lower group 0-5 and a higher group 6-9. Upondepression of the multiplier keys 0-5 the plate 12a is shifted in amanner, analogous to that earlier described in connection with FIGS.1-4, through a number of steps equal to the digit value of the depressedkey, and the machine effects a number of operating cycles correspondingto the digit value of the depressed key under additive entering of themultiplicand into the totalizer. Upon depression of one of the keys ofthe higher digit group the plate 12a is shifted a number of stepscorresponding to the formula 10-n, where n is the digit value of thedepressed key, i.e. one step for the digit 9, two steps for the digit 8,three steps for the digit 7 and four steps for the digit 6. The machinethen effects a number of operating cycles corresponding to the number ofshifting steps of the plate 12a under subtractive entering of themultiplicand into the totalizer, whereupon the multiplicand register isshifted one denominational step in relation to the totalizer and themachine effects a further at the beginning of a multiplication operationwith one multiplier digit, a number of steps corresponding to the valueof a digit from the lower digit group and to the value of the formula10-n for a digit from the higher digit group, said digit beingrepresented by n in the formula, said multiplier digit type selectingmechanism comprising a multiplier digit type carrier actuated by theprinting mechanism for consecutive printing of the multiplier digits,digit types on said carrier arranged in a row comprising in sequence,beginning with the type for the digit 0, first all the types for thedigits of the lower group arranged in a rising digit value sequence, andthen all the types for the digits of the higher group arranged in adeclining digit value sequence, and a coupling mechanism transmittingthe movements of the control member to said type carrier and beingmovable between two coupling positions, said coupling mechanism, whenmoving from one coupling position to the other coupling position,displacing said type carrier a distance corresponding to thedisplacement of said type carrier from the position for printing bymeans of the type for the digit 0 to the position for printing by meansof the type for the highest digit of the lower digit group.

2. A multiplier digit type selecting mechanism in a multiplier digitprinting mechanism of calculating machines adapted for multiplication ofthe multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordancewith the principle of short cut multiplication according to which themultiplier digits 0 to 9 are divided into two groups, viz. a lower groupcomprising the lowest digits, and a higher group comprising the highestdigits, a multiplication control member displaceable from a startingposition, at the beginning of a multiplication operation with onemultiplier digit, a number of steps corresponding to the operating cycleunder additive entering of the multiplicand into the totalizer.

The multiplier keys for the digits 6-9 actuate, upon depression, theshaft 35 similarly to what has been earlier described for the pivotmentof the arm 36, so that the latter actuates the latch 28, whereby thecoupling member 21 is swung by the spring 25 into application againstthe pin 30 on the plate 12. As a result, the coupling member 21 shiftsthe toothed sector 19 through such an angle that the type wheel 14 isrotated five steps counter-clockwise so that the type of the digit 5will be located uppermost, where the type of digit 0 is 'shown in FIG.6. Moreover, as the plate 12a swings the toothed sector 19 by one ormore steps corresponding to the formula IO-n, where n represents thedigit value of the depressed key value of a digit from the lower digitgroup and to the value of the formula 10-11 for a digit from the higherdigit group, said digit being represented by n in the formula, saidmultiplier digit type selecting mechanism comprising a multiplier digittype carrier actuated by the printing mechanism for consecutive printingof the multiplier digits, digit types on said carrier arranged in a rowcomprising in sequence, beginning with the type for the digit 0, firstall the types for the digits of the lower group arranged in a risingdigit value sequence, and then all the types for the digits of thehigher grouparranged in a declining digit value sequence, and a couplingmechanism transmitting the movements of the control member to said typecarrier and being movable between two coupling positions, saidcoupling-mechanism, when moving from one coupling position to the othercoupling position, displacing said type carrier a distance correspondingto the displacement of said type carrier from the position for printingby.

consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordance with the principle ofshort cut multiplication according to which the multiplier digits 0 to 9are divided into two groups,

at the beginning of a multiplication operation with one 1 multiplierdigit, a number of steps corresponding to the value of a digit from thelower digit group and to the value of the formula 10-11 for a digit fromthe higher digit group, said digit being represented by n in theformula, said multiplier digit type selecting mechanism comprising amultiplier digit type carrier actuated by the printing mechanism forconsecutive printing of the multiplier digits, digit types on saidcarrier arranged in a row comprising in sequence, beginning with thetype for the digit 6, first all the types for the digits of the lowergroup ar ranged in a rising digit value sequence, and then all the typesfor the digits of the higher group arranged in a declining digit valuesequence, a first coupling member connected with said type carrier, asecond coupling member connected with the control member, a springconnected with said coupling members and tending to hold said couplingmembers in a first coupling position in relation to each other, and apawl mounted on one of said coupling members and adapted to engage theother coupling member to hold said coupling members in a second couplingposition against the action of said spring, said spring moving upondisengagement of said pawl said coupling members in relation to eachother from said second coupling position to said first coupling positionsuch a distance that said type carrier is displaced by means of saidfirst coupling member a distance corresponding to the displacement ofsaid type carrier from the position for printing by means of the typefor the digit to the position for printing by means of the type for thehighest digit of the lower digit group.

4. A multiplier digit type selecting mechanism in a multiplier digitprinting mechanism of calculating machines adapted for multiplication ofthe multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordancewith the principle of short cut multiplication according to which themultiplier digits 0 to 9 are divided into two groups, viz. a lower groupcomprising the lowest digits, and a higher group comprising the highestdigits, a multiplication control member displaceable from a startingposition in one direction, at the beginning of a multiplicationoperation with one multiplier digit, a number of steps which correspond(a) to the value of a digit from the lower group and to the value of theformula 9-11 for a digit from the higher group, said digit beingrepresented by n in the formula, when the last preceding multiplicationoperation was by a multiplier digit belonging to the same group, and (b)to the value of a digit rom the lower group plus one step and to thevalue of the formula 9-n plus one step for a digit from the highergroup, said digit being represented by n in the formula, when the lastpreceding multiplication operation was by a multiplier digit belongingto the other group, said multiplier digit type selecting mechanismcomprising a multiplier digit type carrier actuated by the printingmechanism for consecutive printing of the multiplier digits, digit typeson said carrier arranged in a row comprising in sequence, beginning withthe type for the digit 0, first all the types for the digits of thelower group arranged in a rising digit value sequence, and then all thetypes for the digits of the higher group arranged in a declining digitvalue sequence, a coupling mechanism transmitting the movements of thecontrol member to said type carrier and being movable between twocoupling positions, said coupling mechanism, when moving from onecoupling position to the other coupling position, displacing said typecarrier a distance corresponding to the displacement of said typecarrier from the position for printing by means of the type for thedigit 0 to the position for printing by means of the type for the digit9, and interconnecting means selectively connecting the control memberwith said coupling mechanism in either one of two relative positions ofdisplacement, the distance between said POSI- tions corresponding to onestep of displacement of the control member in relation to said couplingmechanism.

5. A multiplier digit type selecting mechanism in a multiplier digitprinting mechanism of calculating machines adapted for multiplication ofthe multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier in accordancewith the principle of short cut multiplication according to which themultiplier digits 0 to 9 are divided into two groups, viz. a lower groupcomprising the lowest digits, and a higher group comprising the highestdigits, a multiplication control member displaceable from a startingposition in one direction, at the beginning of a multiplicationoperation with one multiplier digit, a number of steps which corresponds(a) to the value of a digit from the lower group and to the value of theformula 9-11. for a digit from the higher group, said digit beingrepresented by n in the formula, when the last preceding multiplicationoperation was by a multiplier digit belonging to the same group, and (b)to the value of a digit from the lower group plus one step and to thevalue of the formula 9-n plus one step for a digit from the highergroup, said digit being represented by n in the formula, when the lastpreceding multiplication operation was by a multiplier digit belongingto the other group, said multiplier digit type selecting mechanismcomprising a multiplier digit type carrier actuated by the printingmechanism for consecutive printing of the multiplier digits, digit typeson said carrier arranged in a row comprising in sequence, beginning withthe type for the digit 0, first all the types for the digits of thelower group arranged in a rising digit value sequence, and then all thetypes for the digits of the higher group arranged in a declining digitvalue sequence, a first coupling member connected with said typecarrier, a second coupling member, a spring connected with said couplingmembers and tending to hold said coupling members in a first couplingposition in relation to each other, a pawl mounted on one of saidcoupling members and adapted to engage the other coupling member to holdsaid coupling members in a second coupling position against the actionof said spring, said spring moving upon disengagement of said pawl saidcoupling members in relation to each other from said second couplingposition to said first coupling position such a distance that said typecarrier is displaced by means of said first coupling member a distancecorresponding to the displacement of said type carrier from the positionfor printing by means of the type for the digit 0 to the position forprinting by means of the type for the digit 9, an abutment on saidsecond coupling member, a latch on the control member movable betweenengaged and disengaged position in relation to said abutment, a biasingmeans tending to hold said latch in engagement with said abutment sothat said second coupling member is caused to accompany the controlmember in its movement from the starting position in said one directionby the interengagem'ent of said latch and said abutment, and a dog hookon the control member engaging said abutment on said second couplingmember when said latch is disengaged and the control member is displacedone step in said one direction in relation to said second couplingmember. I

6. A multiplier digit type selecting mechanism in a multiplier digitprinting mechanism of calculating machines adap-ted for multiplicationof the multiplicand by consecutive digits of the multiplier inaccordance with the principle of short cut multiplication according towhich the multiplier digits 0 to 9 are divided into two groups, viz. alower group comprising the lowest digits, and a higher group comprisingthe highest digits, a multiplication control member displaceable from astarting position, at the beginning of a multiplication operation withone multiplier digit, a number of steps, said number being the higher,said number successively increasing in accordance with the digital valuewhen said digit belongs to the lower digit group, and successivelydecreasing when said digit secutive printing of the multiplier digits,digit types on i said carrier arranged in a row comprising in sequence,

beginning with the type for the digit 0, first all the types for thedigits of the lower group arranged in a rising digit value sequence, andthen all the types for the digits of the higher group arranged in adeclining digit value sequence, and a coupling mechanism transmittingthe movements of the control member to said type carrier and beingmovable between two coupling positions, said coupling mechanism, whenmoving from one coupling position to the other coupling position,displacing said type carrier such a distance that said type carrier whenadjusted by the control member by the intermediary of said couplingmechanism, will print a digit belonging to one of said digit groupsinstead of printing a digit belonging to the other digit group.

No references cited.

